Risking to repeat mistakes made by previous international justice mechanisms, the Specialist Chambers need to change their strategy and address Kosovo society as a whole.

Since the end of the conflict in 1999, international and domestic hybrid courts have been the main fora for investigating the most serious war crimes and crimes against humanity in Kosovo and the wider region.

The establishment of the Kosovo Specialist Chambers in 2015 represents the most recent effort to adjudicate a specific set of alleged crimes committed by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army, KLA, during and immediately after the violent conflict.

While the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, ICTY, is ending its mandate with relatively positive global recognition for advancing international criminal justice, its legacy in the Western Balkans remains contested because ethnic communities remain polarized, victims are dissatisfied, and many perpetrators remain free.

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